Miniversum

Combining polylactic acid (PLA) with the fluorescent coloring agent rhodamine has resulted in a bio-based plastic that glows visibly under UV light. Such fluorescent markers make it possible to automatically and reliably identify and sort different types of plastics in the recycling process. These materials can also be used for invisible security features, for example on banknotes or ID cards. And they are used in LED lamps to convert blue light from a light-emitting diode into a beautiful white light.

At Fraunhofer IAP, we work on the next generation of fluorescent materials based on quantum dots. These enable even higher efficiencies and more brilliant colors. As a result, more types can be distinguished from one another in the recycling process, even better security features can be incorporated, or lamps can be manufactured with the best possible light for plants, animals, and people.

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In the project RUBIO*, Fraunhofer IAP is working with partners to develop bio-based plastics from regional plant residues. The goal is to manufacture recyclable and biodegradable products such as textiles, packaging, and trim components. We're focusing on new, versatile types of the bioplastic PBS so it can be used in a much wider range of applications. That's how we're helping to drive a sustainable, circular plastics economy in Central Germany.

* “Regional Entrepreneurial Alliance for Building Value Chains for Technical Bioplastics in Central Germany (RUBIO)”

to project RUBIO

Using the SLS process, plastic powder – such as polyamide or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) – is melted layer by layer with a laser and formed into a component. This technology enables the production of complex geometries with high freedom of design and good mechanical properties. Typical applications range from protective sports equipment and shoe soles to orthopedic models and technical components such as grippers or automotive interior parts. The manufactured parts are characterized by high elasticity, resilience, and fatigue resistance. Post-processing is usually necessary to remove excess powder. 

At Fraunhofer IAP, we develop shape memory materials made of TPU for SLS printing.

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Microencapsulation is a versatile technology that allows liquid or paste-like active ingredients to be converted into solid particles. It makes it easier to incorporate them into products such as hydrogels, dispersions, or plastics and protect them during processing or in final products. If needed, the active ingredient can be released in a targeted and controlled manner. This conserves resources and protects the environment.

The technology is used in sectors such as agriculture, the food industry, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and polymer processing.

We have encapsulated eucalyptus oil as example. Thus, it remains stable for a long time and is only released when the microcapsules are opened – for instance, by friction. This method also allows for the precise dosing of medications or the securing of screw connections against unintended loosening.

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Bio-based fibers offer a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based fibers and make an important contribution to environmental and resource conservation. At Fraunhofer IAP, we develop innovative fibers from renewable raw materials such as cellulose, lignin, glucan, or polylactic acid (PLA). We use state-of-the-art spinning technologies to produce materials with optimal properties. Whether made from wood, orange peels, or recycled cotton – our bio-based and partially biodegradable fibers demonstrate how textile innovation and the circular economy can successfully go hand in hand.

The department Fiber Technologies at Fraunhofer IAP is one of the leading institutions in the development of fibers, films, and nonwovens for technical and textile applications. Thanks to the expertise we have built up over many years and our state-of-the-art equipment for solution and melt spinning at the laboratory and pilot plant scale, we deliver tailor-made solutions for individual requirements.

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About 80 percent of all corrosion protection measures involve coatings made of paints or varnishes – typically based on fossil fuels. At Fraunhofer IAP, researchers are developing an environmental-friendly alternative: a cost-effective coating made from modified potato starch. The technical requirements are high: for example, the varnish must adhere well, be corrosion-resistant, and resistant to mechanical strain. The focus is on protecting indoor metal surfaces, such as aluminum parts for doors, housings, or window frames.

In the department “Sustainable Polymer Materials” we modify starch and starch products for food, cosmetics, plastics, and industrial applications such as adhesives, paints, and varnishes, or paper additives.

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Fungal mycelium is a natural, biodegradable raw material with great potential for sustainable and animal-free material solutions. At Fraunhofer IAP, we develop innovative mycelium-based materials that grow using waste materials such as cut reeds or sawdust. In addition to pure mycelium, we also produce mycelium-based natural fiber composites with versatile applications – e.g., for fashion accessories, furniture, packaging, or insulation materials.

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Polylactic acid (PLA) is a bio-based, industrially compostable plastic made from renewable raw materials such as corn starch. PLA is particularly popular in 3D printing due to its good processability.

PLA is also gaining importance as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based plastics such as polyethylene (PE), which is frequently used for single-use films like shopping bags or trash bags. Researchers at Fraunhofer IAP have succeeded in developing a flexible and recyclable PLA film material that can replace petroleum-based plastics. This innovation offers a more environmentally friendly solution for packaging and was awarded with the Joseph von Fraunhofer Prize in 2024.

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